# keyframes and breakdowns In [[frame-by-frame and keyframing#keyframing|keyframing]], or pose to pose, animation, the process is not linear. The main poses in a sequence are drawn out and then in-between frames are drawn to connect those poses. ![[poseAnimation.webp]] _unknown source_ Breakdowns are the process of mapping out the action from start to finish by establishing the key poses and figuring out the timing needed for in-betweens. It is not just the start and stop poses of a sequence but the important bits and pieces in the middle, such as when elements change direction or flow. These bits are called extremes and are critical to include. Test animations are created with just the keyframes to check for continuity and to figure out timing/how many tweens are needed to finish the sequence. ![[AnimationChart-Jump0001.jpg]] _[toon boom](https://learn.toonboom.com/modules/animation-principles/topic/straight-ahead-and-pose-to-pose-principle)_ --- ## playing with the 12 principles of animation ### anticipation [[12 principles of animation#2 anticipation|Anticipation]] is the lead-up to an action, such as a pitcher winding up before a throw or a character squatting down before jumping up. It is meant to show the viewer what is about to happen. Often the anticipation pose moves in the opposite direction of the intended action, such as a car doing a quick pull-back before speeding forward. An anticipation keyframe in the breakdown is quite important to show. <div class="iframeDiv"><iframe width="100%" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F8OtE60T8yU?si=Hkv57Q4sa-SqNaBn" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> _part of [12 principles of animation videos from Ernest Becker](https://www.youtube.com/@AlanBeckerTutorials)_ ### follow through & overlapping action Similarly, [[12 principles of animation#5 follow through and overlapping action|follow through and overlapping action]] shows what happens at the end of a movement. Nothing stops perfectly, there’s always a bit of an overshoot and pull-back into the final pose. The jumping character’s landing is going to include bent knees and a squat before standing back up again. Again, it is important to show these poses in the animation breakdown. <div class="iframeDiv"><iframe width="100%" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4OxphYV8W3E?si=xR5STh8fLc-NrXTB" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> _part of [12 principles of animation videos from Ernest Becker](https://www.youtube.com/@AlanBeckerTutorials)_ --- Learn more… - [12 principles of animation: All about Straight Ahead & Pose To Pose from DeeDee Studio](https://www.deedeestudio.net/en/post/animation-straight-ahead-pose) - [Straight Ahead and Pose-to-Pose Principle from ToonBoom](https://learn.toonboom.com/modules/animation-principles/topic/straight-ahead-and-pose-to-pose-principle) --- tags: #animation #resources home: [[! animation]]